How To Get Really Good
Like all good things, you just have to spend time doing this. I hand waved the hell out of most topics, so you probably should spend more time getting a deeper understanding of what all these things are, but at least you have the context now.
If you are going for your Comptia Network+, or just want a legit deep dive into Networking, check out Professor Messer's Net+ Training. It is extremely high quality, and you are now prepared to get everything out of it.
My favorite resource to actually understand sockets is https://beej.us/guide/bgnet/. This is critical stuff to understand how the operating system interacts with the networking stack, and if you're doing network programming, that is more important than whatever the network is doing with your packets when you throw them out into the ether.
I am a huge fan of the Cyber Plumber's Handbook: https://github.com/opsdisk/the_cyber_plumbers_handbook
Self-described as the definitive guide to Secure Shell (SSH) tunneling, port redirection, and bending traffic like a boss, this is the book that teaches you to be good at fancy footwork. Also very relevant for offensive security.
Finally, the real answer to this is to setup more networks, set up more services, and mostly look at more pcaps. Whether it is just sitting around capturing your local network, looking at malware c2, CTF challenges, or some of these structured datasets, the more you get your eyes on, the better prepared you'll be to know normal.